It is a host specific pest of solanaceous crops, high adaptability to daily and seasonal changes, high reproductive potential, resistance to some insecticides and high potential to destroy potatoes in storage 15, 16. Protection of stored potatoes from infestation with the. Methods of prevention and control control of the potato tuber moths must take place both in the field and in storage. The potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculezza zeller. Sustainable potato production food and agriculture.
Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate whether potato tuber moth can reproduce parthenogenetically under certain conditions. Originating from the andean region and coevolved with its food plant, the potato solanum sp. Pdf using resistant varieties is one of the suitable ways for controlling the potato moth, phthorimaea operculella as one of the important pests. The department of agriculture and food, western australia has worked with the indonesian potato industry to increase the productivity of crops planted with wa seed potatoes. May 22, 2019 the potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zeller lepidoptera.
Dimitrov2 1 institute of tobacco and tobacco products, bg 4108 markovo, bulgaria 2 agricultural university, faculty of plant protection and agroecology, department of entomology, bg 4000 plovdiv, bulgaria abstract vanevagancheva, t. One option is to use water pan traps fixed with a protective lid from which the pheromoneladen bait is suspended. Larva of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella. Introduction an insect larva collected in orange county, california, september 30, 1942, in the course of routine inspection work by agricultural officials, proved to be that of the oriental fruit moth, grapholitha molesta busck. Cover the upper surface of potato tubers with the branches of lantana and eupatorium to repel the ovipositing moth in the godown. However, in ethiopia, the yield per unit area of potato is very low compared to those of other countries. Potato tuber moth is also a pest of tomatoes where larvae damage the leaves, stem and the unripe fruits. In egypt, potato tuber moth has caused up to 100% losses to potato plants in fields as well as in storage ahmed et al. Pacific pests and pathogens mini fact sheet edition potato tuber moth 298 common name potato tuber moth scientific name phthorimaea operculella summary worldwide distribution. Spuntag2 is a transgenic potato cultivar containing the cry1ia1 gene from bacillus thuringiensis for resistance to potato tuber moth. The potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zeller, is a worldwide pest that feeds on both the leaves and tubers of potato.
Susceptibility of potato cultivars to potato tuber moth, phthorimaea opercuella zell. Pdf biological characteristics of potato tuber moth. Genus phthorimaea species operculella distribution. The discovery that this destructive insect had become established in california immediately created a situation which. Gelechiidae, is a very important pest of potato crop solanum tuberosum l. Among the major insect pests of potato, the potato tuber moth phthorimaea operculella zeller is important in both field and storage. Tuta absoluta leaf mines vary considerably, and may easily be confused with tuber moth mines. Microbial control of the potato tuber moth lepidoptera. Improved productivity requires accurate identification of pests in potatoes as well as in the cabbage rotation crop that is. The development and adoption of integrated pest management. Keep up to date with the latest news via these social media platforms. Pdf occurrence of parthenogenesis in potato tuber moth. Incidence of potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella zell. With minimal insecticide usage, parasitic wasps and predators can be expected to exert significant pressure on potato moth populations.
This could be reduced to 2539% by greater soil coverage, and to 7% by increasing soil moisture. Potato tuber moth and guatemalan potato moth are among the most important potato pests in the world. The hypothesis of our present study was that the future distribution and abundance damage potential of this pest will be greatly affected by climatechangecaused changes in temperature. Tomato leaf miner biological control and how to identify. Mass culture of macrocentrus ancylivorus and its host, the. It is cosmopolitan in distribution, but is more common in united states of america, mediterranean and india. A desirable alternative would be the development of potato tuber moth ptm resistant. Watch for damage during routine field monitoring and record your results example form pdf. Twelve named potato cultivars and nine coded breeding lines were compared for degree of tuber infestation by potato tuber moth. Potato tuber moth 298 common name potato tuber moth scientific name phthorimaea operculella summary worldwide distribution.
Neem has been used to control the potato tuber moth in storage. Pest description and crop damage during the growing season, tuberworm caterpillars feed as leaf miners inside leaves. Commercialization of potato tuber moth resistant potatoes in. Ptm larvae can digest leaves, or tubers, resulting in serious damage to potato plants in the field and potato tubers in storage. A survey of literature published from 1915 to 1993 on the plants used for the control of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella zeller has revealed that. The life cycle of potato tuber moth can be completed within 20 to 30 d and there may be as many as 12 generations in a single year raman, 1980. Potato tuberworm moth and various nontuberworm moths captured in delta traps. Biological effects of some natural and chemical compounds. Field and storage evaluations of spuntag2 for resistance. The potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zeller, is considered the most damaging potato pest in the developing world. Chemical control of the potato tuber moth phthorimaea. Gelechiidae, is an important storage pest of potato solanum tuberosum l. National program for control of the guatemalan potato tuber moth, tecia solanivora. Background potato is one of the major food crops of nepal.
Gelechiidae, is a ubiquitous pest on all continents, except the arctic. Ptm infestation in stores causes yield losses up to 100% rondon 2010. Changes in establishment and potential distribution of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella, in potato production regions worldwide according to model predictions, using the eri for the years 2000 a and 2050 b, and changes of the eri between 2000 and 2050 c. Occurrence of parthenogenesis in potato tuber moth journal. Currently, the only available means to control the potato tuber moth and avoid crop losses is the use of chemical pesticides. It is an oligophagous insect that feeds on the plant family solanaceae and is especially known for being a major pest of potato crops. Pdf life history parameters of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea. Potato tuber moth is a damaging pest of stored potatoes and potato crops, mainly in subtropical regions. Infestation in the store starts mostly through freshly harvested infested tubers or through moths entering the storage facilities. Potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operrculellais one of the major potato pests worldwide. Bionomics of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella. The european and mediterranean plant protection organization eppo included it in the a2 action list of pests recommended for regulation as a. Fenemore department of horticulture and plant health, massey university, palmerston north, new zealand twelve named potato cultivars and nine coded breeding lines were compared for degree of tuber infestation by potato tuber moth. Many cultural practices that are used by farmers to improve the yield and quality of potato can also limit the development of the potato tuber moth and.
Lepidoptera, at different locations of west bengal. Potato, irishtuberworm pacific northwest pest management. The larvae mine the young leaves and tunnel into the tubers. Susceptibility of potato cultivars to potato tuber moth, phthorimaea. Phthorimaea operculella, also known as the potato tuber moth or tobacco splitworm, is a moth of the family gelechiidae. Watch for damage during routine field monitoring and record your results example form. Review on potato late blight and potato tuber moth and. Changes in establishment and potential distribution of the guatemalan potato tuber moth, tecia solanivora, in potato production regions worldwide according to model predictions, using the eri for the years 2000 a and 2050 b, and changes of the eri between 2000 and 2050 c. Biology and management of the potato tuberworm in the pacific. Commercialization of potato tuber moth resistant potatoes. Larvae infest both foliage and tubers and mature larvae pupate in the soil or other safe places.
Potato tuber moth is the most important constraints of potato production in ethiopia and it causes up to 42% yield loss in storage. Details the potato tuber moth biodiversity heritage. Pdf chemical control of potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea. The potato tuber moth ptm,phthorimaea operculella zeller, is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in field and storage. International workshop on tecia solanivora, august 1997. Long distance movement of potato tuberworms is probably due to movement of infested tubers. Micrograph courtesy of darlene hoffmann, usdaars, parlier, ca.
Gelechiidae in the columbia basin of eastern oregon and washington. Midgut microbiota diversity of potato tuber moth associated. Integrated pest management of potato tuber moth in field and. The pedagogical and technical university of colombia. Larvae mine potato leaves and stems, but more importantly is the feeding damage in potato tubers, which also can cause rapid rotting in nonrefrigerated storage. This species severely impacts global potato production, especially in china and india, which have the worlds largest potato production. Potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operrculellais one of the major potato pests worldwide 14.
Observations on the potato tuber moth journal of economic. The potato tuber moth ptm phthorimaea operculella is a critical potato pest. After its spread through many potato growing states of south america the guatemalan potato tuber moth scrobipalpopsis solanivora povolny, 1973 was introduced into the canary islands 1998 2000 and caused several outbreaks both in potato fields and stores. This study evaluated the potential distribution of the potato tuber moth. The potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculezza zeller, in. This study describes the biological characteristics of potato tuber mo tphtm, phthorimaea operculella zeller lepidoptera.
Under normal cultivation methods 45% of the potato plant rhizosphere was found to be at high risk of infestation by potato tuber moth. Susceptibility of potato cultivars to potato tuber moth. Exposed tubers are predisposed to tuberworm damage. Pdf integrated pest management for potato tubermoth. Tuber moth is active throughout the year in north africa but is most active from late april to early august. The potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zellerlepidoptera. Infestation in the stores starts mostly through freshly harvested infested tubers or. Midgut microbiota diversity of potato tuber moth associated with potato tissue consumed yaqiang zheng1, guanli xiao2, wenwu zhou3, yulin gao4, zhengyue li1, guangzu du1 and bin chen1 abstract background. Plants used in controlling the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea. A range of intervals between initial application of several insecticides and vinekill were tested to determine how early to implement a program to. Cultural practices and insecticide treatments and combinations were evaluated for effect on tuber damage by potato tuberworm, phthorimaea operculella zeller lepidoptera. On three occasions during the past nine years the potato tuber moth phthorimaea operculella has caused economic losses to potato growers in worcest we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. In field, the female laid eggs singly on the undersurface of the potato leaves.
Field and storage evaluations of spuntag2 for resistance to. Gelechiidae is one of the major pests of solanaceous crops worldwide including potato solanum tuberosum l. Ensure that the tubers are well covered to avoid greening and potato tuber moth pest management problem product application comments product ha mainly grasses lasso 48 ec dual magnum preemergent to weeds and crop 3. When infested potato tubers are stored without application of control methods t. The adult female moth lays between 150 and 200 eggs individually on the underside of potato leaves and stems or in the eyes of exposed tubers in the field or in storage. It is a host specific pest of solanaceous crops, high adaptability to daily and seasonal changes, high reproductive potential, resistance to some insecticides and high potential to destroy potatoes in storage. Effects of cultural practices on reducing field infestation of potato tuber moth phthorimaea. Potato tuber moth is a serious pest of potato in south africa. For example, potato yields in the developing world average around 10 to 15 tonnes per hectare, less than half of average yields achieved by farmers in western europe and north america. The average productivity of potato tuber in nepal is. Another invasive pest species, tuta solanivora, was found locally in canary islands spain. Further enhancement of biological control can be achieved by providing nectar sources to the. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Reducing tuber damage by potato tuberworm lepidoptera.
Tomato leaf miner biological control and how to identify this. Potato tuber moth is an important pest of potato crops in both indonesia and western australia. Isolates of the entomopathogenic baculovirus phopgv will be selected for their virulence to tomato leaf miner, potato tuber moth and guatemalan potato moth. Determination of the pests population life table parameters is essential for understanding. Potato seed tuber production technique manual 1 part i. Zeller is the primary insect problem facing potato farmers in developing countries. The olfactory response of the potato tuber moth towards various chemicals was investigated in an olfactometer similar to that described by osgood and kempster 1971 fig. Cultural control is the mainstay of potato moth management. Worldwide, the potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zeller, is one of the most severe pests a ecting potato solanum tuberosum l.
Female moth lay about 100150 eggs at dusk on the surface of the potato near the eye or in the cracks on the exposed skin of tuber. Determination of the pests population life table parameters is essential for understanding population development and growth under a variety of. Leaf mines may be formed between two leaves, or individual leaves may be folded, with a mine in the fold. The guatemalan potato tuber moth scrobipalpopsis solanivora. Parthenogenesis, a natural form of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced from unfertilized eggs, occurs in many insects including aphids, bees, wasps, and beetles goudie and oldroyd 2014, ogawa and miura. Chemical control of the potato tuber moth phthorimaea operculella. Tubers are also a food source for the caterpillars, especially exposed tubers and those within 2 inches of the soil surface.
In addition, 30%70% of stored potatoes are infested by the potato tuber moth in china and india 7,8. Not all mines exhibit clear fingershaped extensions, e. Distribution, biology, ecology and management of potato tuber moth. Phthorinaea operculella, the most common, is widely distributed in the world, found in north africa, and parts of asia, europe, the americas, and oceania. The potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculeua zeller lepidoptera. To understand how midgut bacterial diversity is influenced. Potato is the fourth major crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize. The potential distribution of the potato tuber moth phthorimaea. Effects of cultural practices on reducing field infestation of potato tuber moth phthorimaea operculella and greening of tubers in sudan. The occurance of potato tuber moth leads to high economic damages in crop production around the world. This insect causes damage during the growing season and in potato storage. Potato tuber moth ptm or tuberworm ptw has appeared and spread in the us in the past century. In australia, the following insecticides are registered against potato tuber moth. This work examines the potential control of this pest by two species of predatory.
The growing recognition of problems associated with chemical pesticide use has led to increased attention on integrated pest management ipm. Cross and longitudinal sections of occlusion bodies of the potato tuber moth granulovirus. Integrated pest management of potato tuber moth in field. Identification and evaluation of the pathogenicity of two isolated larval fungi from the guatemalan potato tuber moth, tecia solanivora povolny. Infestation of tubers both in the field and in storage results in an unmarketable product. Occurrence of parthenogenesis in potato tuber moth.
Order lepidoptera family gelechiidae advertisements. It is a host specific pest of solanaceous crops, high adaptability to daily and seasonal changes, high reproductive potential, resistance to some insecticides and high. The andean potato tuber moth, symmetrischema tangolias gyen lepidoptera, gelechiidae, is an economically important pest of potato solanum tuberosum l. Eggs laid on leaves, and the leaves and stems mined. It is most serious on potatoes, but has also become increasingly important on tobacco van vuuren et al. Review on potato late blight and potato tuber moth and their. In regions where temperatures stay above freezing throughout winter, every stage of potato tuber moth can overwinter and recolonize crop hosts in spring. Larvae mine in tubers making them unsuitable for sale and consumption. The potential distribution of the potato tuber moth. This paper describes how tunisian potato farmers have learned to manage an important field and postharvest insect pest, the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella zeller, and how interdisciplinary research on integrated pest management. Pdf on nov 11, 2016, gamal eldin and others published chemical control of potato tuber moth ptm, phthorimaea operculella zeller on. Foreword 5 abbreviations and acronym 6 acknowledgements 7 introduction 9 section 1 factors constraining the potato subsector 11 technical factors socioeconomic factors 15 policy and institutional factors 17 section 2 good agricultural practices and potato production 19 gap concepts and principles 21 gaps in the potato subsector 23 production decision factors 25 section 3 key indicators. There are many factors that reduce the yield of the crop among which the diseases like late blight and insect like tuber moth which play an important role in reduction of the yield.
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